We are about to discuss a plethera of practical uses of Miraculous Mullein. Identification, how to grow, where to find, medicinal healing, history, and even the smoking of it's leaves. We are about to discuss a plethera of practical uses of Miraculous Mullein. Identification, how to grow, where to find, medicinal healing, history, and even the smoking of it's leaves. Different cultivations have shown anti-bacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, emollient, astringent vulnerary, diuretic, antispasmotic, anti-tumor, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, diuretic, expectorant, and mild sedative qualities. If you like the podcast, consider donating to Patreon @SunflowerGuru sunflowerguru.com
Episode 4. Mullein, Verbascum thapsus
Miraculous Mullein - Ray
Deep in winter night the air may bite one's toes,
One may see a beacon of light standing tall amongst the snow.
Mullein, the candlewick plant, silver-green leaves are soft,
Waiting to be harvested and hung upside down, abundant in my loft.
I'll utilize stalks for burning and make a tasty tea.
"Be wary of the seeds" grandmothers words rang through me,
Mullein seeds are quite poisonous, so remove them when you brew.
Consider throwing them in the water tomorrow to catch fish easier too.
My body soothed by mullein leaf tea steaming in my cup,
And warmed by the fire their stalks lit right back up,
I'll say a grateful prayer and tuck back into bed,
Thankful for grandmothers' words ringing in my head.
Welcome to Sunflower Guru. Episode 4, Verbascum thapsus,
otherwise known as mullein, candlewick and torch plant,
lungwort, and shepherds staff.
[Name Background]
The Latin word "barba" or "barbascum" refers to the hairy stamens and velvety leaves.
The Greek Island of Thapsus connects the species of mullein to the abundant growth in this region.
The common name Mullein is inspired from the Latin word "mollis", which describes soft, hairy leaves.
Part of the Scrophulariaceae (snapdragon) family.
The name Scrophulariaceae is derived from the word scrofula, a form of tuberculosis, given many of this species may be used as a natural medicine for this disease.
We are about to discuss a plethora of practical uses of Miraculous Mullein.
Identification, how to grow, where to find, medicinal healing, history, and even the smoking of its leaves.
This podcast is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services. Information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating health conditions. Consulte with a licensed physician before implementing lifestyle changes.
[Botanical Description]
Native throughout Ethiopia, Egypt, Eurasia, India, the Himalayas, and Europe.
Mullein has naturalized all over the globe.
Hardy to zones 3 - 10.
This Biennial, perennial broadleaf evergreen has over 300 species in its genus of Verbascum.
Verbascum thapsus enjoys full-sun to part-shade,
While thriving in disturbed soils; appearing in sites that have been clear cut, logged, deforested, constructed, or grazed. Well-draining, sandy, rocky, clay, fertile, deficient, and loam soils are all adequate substrates with a pH from 6 - 8 and does not require any fertilizer for healthy growth.
Mullein is drought tolerant requiring at least 6 inches of water a year and does not like wet feet.
Cold temperatures induce flowering in Verbascum thapsus's second year while foliage remains evergreen, providing winter interest to the landscape.
Deer, elk, mountains goats, chipmunks, prairie dogs, and small mammals enjoy mullein when there is little to no other food available in winter months.
When applied to the garden, mullein may provide a tall vertical contrast that stays evergreen.
Cottage gardens, gravel gardens, pollinator gardens, container gardens, wildflower gardens, and winter gardens are excellent placements.
Companion plants may be tomatoes to attract hornworms, as a climbing stalk for beans and peas, as a pest deterrent for strawberries, Brassicas, radishes,, to aerate soils around potatoes, basil nasturtium, chives, carrots, spinach are all excellent choices.
Different cultivations have shown anti-bacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, emollient, astringent vulnerary, diuretic, antispasmodic, anti-tumor, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, diuretic, expectorant, and mild sedative qualities.
Wow. We have so much to cover with so many cultivations we can make out of Mullein.
For now, let's dive into how to properly identify mullein.
[ History]
Mullein has been honored since the Ancient Greeks as a healing herb and a medicine of the people.
Even illiterate citizens prized its medicinal qualities.
Pharmacologist and botanist Discorides highly praised mullein for its ability to soothe respiratory ailments.
Indigenous cultures in Mexico such as the Nahuati named the plant Gordolobo, which is still sold in apothecaries today, which began at times even before the coming of conquistadoes.
In medieval Jewish medicine, mullein was included as one of the 23 vital healing herbs.
Remedies also showed presence during the Middle Ages.
Our candlewick plant served as a bridge between the colonization of the New World and understanding of healing throughout the colonies.
The National Formulary in 1916-1936 acknowledged Verbascum thapsus as a staple in herbal medicine and was approved by the German Commission E advisory panel for the treatment for respiratory health.
Verbascum thapsus has been used throughout time by medical professionals in naturopathic, electric, herbalist, home remedies, physicians, and in medical institutions for the healing of both humans and animals.
[Identification]
Foliage grows low to the ground in basal rosettes.
Soft velvety leaves emerge from the root crown at the soils surface appearing lanceolate to oblong, bluish-gray-green, and may grow 6" wide and 2" long.
Soft hairs help to break the force of winds and prevent water loss in hot conditions.
Commonly referred to as bunny ears and may be mistaken with lamb's ear. Although these two plants treat similar ailments medicinally, Mullein leaves appear much larger while lambs ear has a soft white pigmentation to their fury hairs.
Mullein is the most commonly seen wildflower in the world, supporting ecosystems globally.
5 petaled, yellow, cylindric flower clusters appear on the top of mulleins strong tall stalk their second year of growth. Blooms are around an inch across and appear around July - September. They gift a honey-like aroma to the airs attracting pollinators of all kinds. Bees, wasps, short long-tongued bees, butterflies, flies, birds, and other pollinators enjoy these blooms. Flower's only last for a day, closing at dusk and self pollinate.
Mullein flowers produce a yellow dye which may be used for dying cloth and hair.
When using the leaves for dye, adding sulfuric acid and lowering the pH will produce green pigmentations, while raising the pH will produce a brown color.
After flowering, mullein dies, but leaves its tall strong stalks standing, making it easy to identify.
Their stalk grows to heights of 10 feet tall and is coated with small hairs, while leaves grow alternately up the stem in a whorl directing rainwater toward the roots.
Valued since Ancient Rome, flower tips are dipped in tallow and used as a long-lasting ceremonial torch and in dark corridors and mines.
Mullein torches were a symbol of the independent soul who moves courageously, willing to take chances on their journey of spiritual growth. Due to mulleins centering and calming qualities, it has been utilized for prayer, meditation, and healing to carry one through their path focused, grounded, and move into one's strength in new beginnings. Self-expression, communication, inner peace, and hope move into the necessary effort to reach ones goals.
Next time I see a mullein stalk, I'll use it as my beacon of light.
Seeds may be collected after flower stalks dry, leaving 100k - 250k seeds in their wake.
Those of which closely resemble their parent plants.
Seeds may remain preserved in soil for thousands of years until the soil is turned and disturbed, being that they require sunlight for germination. When planted shallowly, seeds may sprout in both cold and hot temperatures. Archaeologists have found viable seeds dated back to A.D. 1300.
Seed capsules are brown/copper in color and are ovoid hairy with splits opening in two valves, each capsule releasing 500 - 800 seeds. And that's just one capsule in the whole array of many on one stalk.
Six-sided seeds are pitted with wavy ridges and deep grooves, generally falling within a 3 foot radius of the parent plant.
Do you remember the poem we read at the beginning of this podcast?
Grandmothers' wise words warns about mullein seeds, they are toxic.
Fishermen would throw seeds in the water to stun fish, making them easier to collect.
The chemical constituent rotenone is released as seeds are crushed, and when thrown in the water, makes fish sluggish and the waters are more difficult to breathe in.
This technique was used since before the Revolutionary war and was first introduced to the America's around the 17th century, however, this practice is illegal today.
Conservationists may want to rid the plant; although Verbascum thapsus has easily naturalized to many ecosystems, they are not native to many areas.
The only effective method is to uproot plants before they go to seed, placed in a pile with exposed roots while they decompose, shallow taproots are fibrous and branch cyndrically in soil, making them easy to harvest and pull up from soil.
spray and mowing will not work. Sites left undisturbed for several years will clear out naturally as seeds go dormant. Smoldering burns may help to limit mullein numbers, however, seeds have shown to be slightly fire resistant.
Verbascum thapsus is only considered noxious in Colorado and Hawaii and is generally self-managed in most ecosystems.
We've only just scratched the surface on everything that mullein can offer.
Did you know that Mullein leaves have been noted in Northwest floral guides as insoles for weary hikers, they actually help to relieve fatigue if used on the bottom of the feet and as a soft step. How cool.
They may also be used as a soft and thoughout toilet paper.
Way to go nature.
[Cultivations music]
Various cultivations of mullein such as smoke, oils, tincture, tea, and poultice has shown incredible action to accelerate rapid repair of incisional and excisional wounds withing 10 days of daily application.
High Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and Polysaccharides may help to stimulate collagen synthesis by fibrosis and acceleration of hydroxyproline content while increasing vascular endothelial growth factor while providing a soothing analgesic quality.
Constituents:
Verbascum thapsus has shown to possess and incredible number of flavonoids which have displayed antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, andti-diabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antiviral and neuroprotective properties.
Let's dive into a couple flavonoids.
Apigenin is a flavonoid phytochemical glycoside that has been respected by body builders and medics alike. Known to boost testosterone synthesis and muscle growth, strength and energy while aiding in new cell-growth, accelerating fracture recovery in bone health, while promoting clear skin.
Apigenin has been observed to be an incredible antioxidant.
Neural Regeneration Research has found neurological improvement by soothing the bodies nervous system, improving memory, reducing cortisol, and the bodies response to stress all while acting as an analgesic, and reducing inflammation, anxiety, and depression.
Phytotherapy research has found Apigenin may aid in treating and preventing tumors and cancer by inducing healthy cell recycling, apoptosis in cervical, breast, pancreatic, prostate, skin, blood, colon, lung, and liver tumors.
Cardio-protective qualities may protect against heart attack, reduce blood pressure, and aid in balancing blood-glucose levels which may be helpful in treating diabetes.
Verbascoside:
Another glycoside, Verbascoside, is considered a "Treasure from the garden" with traditional use to treat inflammation and microbial infections. Studied to provide synergistic activity when used with antibiotics to treat antibiotic resistant pathogens and is approved for use in the food industry to preserve food.
This water-soluble medicinal constituent appears in tea extracts and shows strong antioxidant qualities, while providing neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and wound healing qualities.
Luteolin, Kaempferol, Herperidin, Rutin, Triterpene saponins, Vitamin C, Healthy Fats, Carbs, Proteins, and Volatile Oils also play an incredible medicinal role.
Without further ado, let's dive into specific cultivations of mullein and how we may practically use them in day-to-day life. Flowers, foliage, roots, and stalks may all be used in various forms.
We're about to cover edibility, tinctures, extracts, teas, oils, poultice, smoking, syrup, cosmetics, and cautions to keep in mind while cultivating.
[Medicinal/Cultivations]
Edible:
In culinary applications, yellow flowers may be used as a garnish with a gentle sweet flavor which is full of our beloved antioxidants.
Harvest as they bloom to enjoy through their season.
Leaves are hairy and may have to be blanched or boiled before consumption. Leaves harbor a bitter flavor that may substitute leafy greens in soups, stews, sautees, or other culinary dishes.
Tea:
Mullein tea has a gentle salted-vanilla flavor. To brew, boil 1 cup of water or milk with 2 tsp. of dried mullein leaves and/or flowers and steep for 15 minutes and strain. Consume up to 3 times a day. Flavonoids are immersed into tea after 10 minutes of steeping.
Verbascum thapsus may provide soothing and relaxation to the nerves (which has been noted as a sleep aid) while soothing inflamed tracts in the body.
Mullein tea may help to treat sore throat, tuberculosis, cough, colds, influenza, bronchitis, tonsillitis, hoarseness, asthma, fever, headaches, earaches, gout, colic, digestive issues such as stomach ulcers, diarrhea, constipation, infections of the colon, kidneys , urinary tract (including vaginal yeast infections), acts as a diuretic, may treat viral ailments like foul plague virus, strains of influenza A and B, and herpes complex, and act as an antibacterial against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli.
Applied topically, the tea may treat acne, psoriasis, eczema, headaches, and joint pain.
An ailment called Bursitis is a painful joint condition where the small, fluid-filled sacs (called bursae) cushion the bones, tendons and joints become inflammed, which most often may be observed in the shoulder, elbows, and hips. Mullein tea has shown to help treat this condition both internally and topically.
Tincture/Extract:
To infuse a tincture, fill a jar full of mullein flower/foliage and cover completely with alcohol such as vodka. Let sit for 4 - 6 weeks while shaking periodically, strain, then store in a cool, dark location until use. This tincture may keep for years to come.
Tinctures have displayed anti-parasitic activity against roundworms (Ascaridia galli) and tapeworms (Raillietina spiralis), and may be antiviral against herpese , antibacterial against E. coli, Mycobacter phlei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus, may help to treat migraines and chronic inner-ear disorders and infections.
Mullein root extract has been observed to harbor anti-tumor and antibacterial qualities, however, high doses of 2500 - 10,000 mg/l has shown to be toxic.
Oils:
Leaves and flowers may be infused into a medicinal mullein oil.
Ailments like skin inflammations, eczema, burns, frostbites, infectious diseases, ear infections, headaches, and wound healing.
Verbascum thapsus infused oils may be used internally and externally.
Any carrier oil may be used s/a olive, jojoba, and almond oils.
To infuse, combined 1 cup mullein foliage and flowers in 1-2 cup carrier oil.
To accelerate infusion, preform a hot extraction in a double boiler and brew for three hours.
A gentle cold-oil extraction may be performed by steeping plant material in the carrier oil in a warm sunny window for 7 - 10 days while ensuring to continuously mix and submerge plant material. Strain, and store in a dark glass bottle in a cool location to extend preservation.
To treat earaches in adults, children and even animals, apply warmed oil two to three times a day. 1 drop for children under 10, and two drops for adults. A study in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine found that the anti-bacterial and analgesic qualities matched the effectiveness of enesthetic medicine.
Poultice:
Leaves may be made into a poultice with water or milk and applied topically to aid in the treatment of inflammation and wound healing; boils, hemorrhoids, carbuncles, gout, painful joints, chilblains, burns, bruises, and sprains, while softening and protecting skin.
Smoke:
Spiritually, mullein smoke was used in divination practices.
Navajo, Choctaw, Catawbas, Potawatomis, Mohegans, Penobscots, Hopi, and Menominess believed smoking mullein was able to alleviate mental disorders and dispel negative thoughts.
Used to stimulate and soothe the lungs and may lend a hand in healing respiratory ailments like asthma and reducing congestion while opening up the lungs.
A constituent called Mucilage is a polysaccharide that has been observed to soothe mucosa membranes and moisten the linings inside the respiratory tract with a coating which reduces inflammation.
Mixing Verbascum thapsus in herbal smokes may be beneficial in combating negative effects of tobacco and other herbs while the leaves have been used to wrap herbal joints.
Smoke exposed to topical wounds has been observed to increase thickness of the epidermis, angiogenisis to accelerate blood flower to the wound, and factor expression (VEGF).
Harvest leaves that are still green let dry before storing in a glass jar.
Mullein veins hold onto moisture so it's best to separate them before storing to prevent molding.
Dried plant leaf material may be crumbly and quite flammable, which may be useful kindling for starting fires.
Syrup:
Mix 2.5 cups of a strong mullein root/flower tea infusion in an enamel pot with a 1:1 ratio of honey and brown sugar. Stir frequently until mixture thickens. This may also be used as a cough syrup.
Cosmetic:
Oil, water, and alcoholic extracts may be used in the making of cosmetics, noting their anti-aging qualities.
Fermentation:
Mullein has been used to flavor alcoholic beverages.
Cautions:
Mullein is considered generally safe for most individuals.
No adverse side effects are expected to occur being that Verbascum thapsus is in the safely class of 1 in the Botanical Safety Handbook.
While rare, some may be allergic to mullein and may experience contact dermatitis, perform a patch test before consuming.
Consult with a licensed physician before ingesting or using topically.
Using mullein isn't suggested if one is on antidiabetic medications, or muscle relaxants as it may intensify these drugs while interacting with lithium, mullein is a natural diuretic and may reduce pottassium in the body if used with diuretics
Do not use if nursing or pregnant.
Do not use an herbal ear oil if your eardrum is perforated.
Ensure harvested leaves have not been exposed to pesticides or pollutants.
Verbascum thapsus seeds are considered toxic.
Floriography:
May represent ones good nature and positive characteristics.
We have covered history, how to grow and identify, folk medicine, specific chemical constituents, and cultivations for our beacon of light plant, mullein, Verbascum thapsus, candlewick and torchwick plant.
You've been listening to Sunflower Guru Episode 4. Mullein, Verbascum thapsus
If you enjoyed this episode consider supporting the show on Patreon @SunflowerGuru
All resources and references are provided in the show notes.
Remember, seeds must be planted to grow.
Till next time,
Youtube links and description:
Herbal Jedi: Mulling over Mullein - Benefits and Uses with Yarrow Willard (Herbal Jedi)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpPNswcrvi8&t=208s
Music:
Mother Mullein Song - Bagsy Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cm3hoOSSteQ
Mullein Music Video: Oh Gee ARTchitect
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZK2o_P1xx0
Mullein People - Boris McCutcheon & the Salt Licks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjP6yqsTvJw
Resources and References:
Resources:
https://powerfoodhealth.com/best-superfoods/hesperidin-the-citrus-bioflavonoid-that-supports-the-brain-heart/#:~:text=When%20taken%20in%20supplement%20form%2C%20it%E2%80%99s%20often%20used,system%2C%20potentially%20fighting%20cancer%20and%20managing%20menopause%20symptoms (pow)
https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/plants/plants/mullein#:~:text=This%20last%20name%20was%20given%20because%20the%20leaves,among%20young%20women%20whose%20cultures%20have%20shunned%20cosmetics (enc)
https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/verbascum-thapsus/#:~:text=The%20name%20Verbascum%20is%20derived%20from%20Latin%20word,ancient%20village%20of%20modern%20day%20Tunisia%20called%20Thapsus (ncs)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0734975014000962#:~:text=Verbascoside%20is%20hydrophilic%20in%20nature%20and%20possesses%20pharmacologically,in%20addition%20to%20numerous%20wound-healing%20and%20neuroprotective%20properties. (ali)
https://www.buildingbeautifulsouls.com/symbols-meanings/flower-meanings-symbolism/mullein-meaning-symbolism/ (bui)
https://kiki-green.com/blogs/news/exploring-the-history-and-folklore-surrounding-mullein-leaf (tan)
https://mastergardener.extension.wisc.edu/files/2015/12/CommonMullein.pdf (mas)
https://www.livescience.com/52001-common-mullein-herb-plant-photos.html (bus)
https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/common-mullein-verbascum-thapsus/ (wis)
https://www.poetrysoup.com/famous/poem/song_of_a_second_april_5989 (edna)
https://plantgrowthstages.com/mullein-companion-plants-for-your-garden/ (max)
https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/forb/vertha/all.html (fsu)
https://www.poetrysoup.com/famous/poem/winter_sleep_19796 (eli)
https://magickalspot.com/mullein/#History%20and%20Folklore (car)
https://www.poetrysoup.com/famous/poem/pastoral_16412 (edn)
http://cms.herbalgram.org/expandedE/Mulleinflower.html (ame)
https://www.bbg.org/article/weed_of_the_month_mullein (naf)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186151/ (tal)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9370273/ (shi)
https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/verbascum-thapsus/ (pla)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11148884_Biological_activity_of_Common_Mullein_a_medicinal_plant (arz)
https://www.gardenia.net/genus/verbascum-mullein (gar)
https://foliagefriend.com/mullein-flower-meaning/ (fol)
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/mullein-benefits (lun)
https://www.drugs.com/npc/mullein.html (dru)
https://botanicalinstitute.org/mullein/ (pow)
https://draxe.com/nutrition/apigenin/ (axeee)
https://draxe.com/nutrition/mullein/ (axe)
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